Thailand

{"ftc_utility":"medium","fbar_trigger_notes":"US expats in Thailand who open Thai bank accounts (common for visa and daily banking purposes) are subject to FBAR filing if aggregate foreign account balances exceed USD 10,000 at any point during the calendar year. Thai banks such as Bangkok Bank, Kasikorn Bank, and SCB are commonly used. Some visa categories (retirement visa Non-OA) require maintaining a minimum THB 800,000 (approximately USD 22,000-24,000) in a Thai bank account, which almost certainly triggers the FBAR threshold.","ftc_utility_reason":"Thailand taxes residents on income sourced in Thailand and, since 2024, on foreign-sourced income remitted to Thailand in the same tax year it is earned (rule change effective January 1, 2024). This means Thai taxes paid on remitted foreign income can generate FTC to offset US tax. However, Thailand's rates are lower than US rates at equivalent income levels, so the FTC may not fully eliminate US tax liability. LTR visa holders with foreign income exemptions have reduced Thai tax to credit, making FTC less useful for that group.","presence_day_count_notes":"Thailand does not impose limits on the number of consecutive days tourists can stay, but standard tourist visa entries are typically 30-60 days, requiring border runs or visa extensions. Long-stay options (retirement visa, LTR visa, Thailand Elite visa) allow 1-year or multi-year stays. The 330-day physical presence test for FEIE is practically achievable for US expats holding long-stay visas such as the retirement visa (Non-OA), LTR visa, or Thailand Elite visa. Frequent border runs required under tourist visa status can complicate the day count.","typical_qualifying_method":"either","housing_exclusion_available":true,"physical_presence_test_applies":true,"estimated_housing_exclusion_usd":18000,"local_tax_rate_on_earned_income":0.25,"bona_fide_residence_test_applies":true}

{"pension_income":{"notes":"Foreign pension income remitted to Thailand is generally assessable under Thai PIT at progressive rates up to 35%, subject to treaty protections. LTR visa holders are exempt on foreign-source income including pensions remitted to Thailand. Personal deductions and allowances apply to reduce taxable income before computing tax.","tax_rate":null,"locally_taxed":true},"social_security":{"notes":"Under the US-Thailand treaty, US Social Security benefits paid to Thai residents are generally taxable only in the US. Thailand does not separately tax US Social Security income remitted by US citizens residing in Thailand, relying on treaty provisions.","locally_taxed":false,"treaty_protection":true},"roth_distributions":{"notes":"Roth IRA qualified distributions are generally not recognized as a separate exempt category under Thai law. However, since Roth distributions represent a return of after-tax contributions plus tax-free growth under US rules, the Thai Revenue Department has limited guidance. Amounts remitted to Thailand could in principle be assessable. In practice, treaty protections and the LTR visa exemption on foreign-source income often shield these amounts. Standard non-LTR residents should seek specific guidance.","locally_taxed":false},"us_401k_ira_distributions":{"notes":"The US-Thailand tax treaty (1997) addresses pension and retirement income. Under the treaty, US-source pensions paid to a Thai resident may be taxable only in the US or subject to reduced Thai tax depending on the nature of the plan and treaty interpretation. In practice, 401k and IRA distributions remitted to Thailand may be assessable income under Thai PIT at progressive rates up to 35%, but treaty provisions can limit or eliminate Thai tax. Tax rate depends on individual circumstances and treaty application. LTR visa holders may be exempt on remitted foreign-source pension income.","tax_rate":null,"locally_taxed":true,"treaty_protection":true}}

{"rate":0.35,"notes":"Thailand has no separate capital gains tax for individuals. Gains are generally treated as ordinary income and taxed at progressive personal income tax rates up to 35%. Gains from selling securities on the Stock Exchange of Thailand are exempt for individuals.","details":{"tax_type":"Capital Gains Tax","country_name":"Thailand","country_iso_code":"THA","source_references":["PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries - Thailand","Thai Revenue Department"],"last_verified_date":"2026-06-03","general_description":"No standalone capital gains tax exists in Thailand. For individuals, capital gains are folded into assessable income and taxed at progressive PIT rates up to 35%, with a key exemption for gains on SET-listed securities. For companies, gains are included in net profit subject to corporate income tax at 20%.","corporate_capital_gains":{"rate":0.2,"tax_treatment":"Included in corporate net profit and taxed at the standard CIT rate of 20%. No separate capital gains regime."},"individual_capital_gains":{"rate":0.35,"tax_treatment":"Taxed as ordinary income at progressive PIT rates up to 35%. Gains from selling shares listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand are exempt from PIT for individuals. Real property gains are subject to withholding tax at time of sale and may also be subject to PIT."}}}

{"notes":"Dividends received by Thai tax residents from Thai companies are subject to a 10% withholding tax. Individuals may elect to exclude Thai-source dividends from their taxable income if they accept the 10% withholding as final tax. Foreign-source dividends remitted to Thailand are taxable at progressive PIT rates.","rates":[{"rate":0.1,"type":"withholding","notes":"Standard WHT on dividends from Thai companies paid to individuals. Can be treated as final tax."},{"rate":0.1,"type":"withholding","notes":"WHT rate for non-resident individuals receiving dividends from Thai companies. May be reduced by tax treaty."}]}